Chinese Flower‑and‑Bird Painting is one of the three major genres of traditional Chinese painting. It mainly depicts flowers, plants, birds, fish and insects, focusing on expressing emotions and ideals through natural subjects. More than merely copying physical appearances, it emphasizes the charm of brushwork and ink, conveying the vitality of nature and embodying literati virtues and aesthetic pursuits through freehand brushwork. It falls into two styles: meticulous painting, which is delicate, neat and elegantly coloured; and freehand painting, which is concise, unrestrained and vivid in artistic conception. Through the ages, master painters used plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum to symbolize nobility, and flowers and birds to convey auspicious meanings, revealing natural beauty and carrying Eastern philosophy. Having been inherited and innovated for thousands of years, it has become a classic art form embodying the artistic conception and humanistic spirit of traditional Chinese culture.